\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 By default
\b finger
\b0 lists the login name, full name, terminal name and write status (as a `*' before the terminal name if write permission is denied), idle time, login time, and office location and phone number (if they are known) for each current UNIX user. (Idle time is minutes if it is a single integer, hours and minutes if a ':' is present, or days and hours if a 'd' is present.) A longer format also exists and is used by finger whenever a list of people's names is given. (Account names as well as first and last names of users are accepted.) This format is multi-line, and includes all the information described above as well as the user's home directory and login shell, any plan which the person has placed in the file .plan in their home directory, and the project on which they are working from the file .project also in the home directory. Finger may be used to lookup users on a remote machine. The format is to specify the user as ``user@host.'' If the user name is left off, the standard format listing is provided on the remote machine.
\b0 is a simple protocol based on RFC742 that provides an interface to the Name and Finger programs at several network sites. The program is supposed to return a friendly, human-oriented status report on either the system at the moment or a particular person in depth. There is no required format and the protocol consists mostly of specifying a single ``command line''.\
\b fingerd
\b0 listens for TCP requests at port 79. Once connected it reads a single command line terminated by a <CRLF> which is passed to finger(1). Fingerd closes its connections as soon as the output is finished.\
If the line is null (i.e. just a <CRLF> is sent) then finger returns a ``default'' report that lists all people logged into the system at that moment.\
If a user name is specified (e.g. eric<CRLF>) then the response lists more extended information for only that particular user, whether logged in or not. Allowable ``names'' in the command line include both ``login names'' and ``user names''. If a name is ambiguous, all possible derivations are returned.
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The
\b groups
\b0 command shows the groups to which you or the optionally specified user belong. Each user belongs to a group specified in the passwd(5) database. and possibly to other groups as specified in the group(5) database. If you do not own a file but belong to the group which it is owned by then you are granted group access to the file. When a new file is created it is given the group of the containing directory.
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The user to find out group information about
\b0 is used to generated the hashed password database used by the library routines getpwnam() and getpwuid(). If the -v option is supplied, each entry will be listed as it is added. The file passwdfile is usually /etc/ptmp, and in any case must be in the format of /etc/passwd (see passwd(5)). Mkpasswd will generate database files named passwdfile.pag and passwdfile.dir. Mkpasswd will exit with a non-zero exit code if any errors are detected.
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Each entry will be listed as it is added
BManage user login accounts (create, modify, destroy UNIX accounts)
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 nu
\b0 is a program to help a UNIX system manager create, modify, delete, and destroy accounts on that machine. While everything accomplished by nu can be done manually by editing files and issuing shell commands, nu will steer you through getting all the details right, checking for typos, etc.
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Adds new accounts
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Deletes accounts while still leaving a users entry in netinfo for the deleted account
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Deletes from the system almost all information pertaining to these login id's
list_of_login_id's
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\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\ql\fs24\fi0\li0\gray0\fc0\cf0\up0\dn0 The list of login id's to be deleted
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Adds new accounts (expert mode)
[10@]
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 name corresponds to the name prompted for in LoginWindow. It must be unique for each user
realname
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 realname is the full name of the user. If you wish to have spaces in the name, it must be enclosed in double quotes
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 uid is the UNIX user identification number. Like the name, it also must be unique for each user
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 gid is the UNIX group identification number. It defines the default group of the user
shell
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 shell is the users default shell when a Terminal or Shell is launched
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 pwd is the text representation of the users passwd. It is identical to what the LoginWindow expects when the user logs in. It will be modified before it is stored. If you wish to have spaces in your password, you must enclose it in double quotes
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 home is the user's home directory
reuse
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 reuse tells nu to reuse the home directory if it already exists
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 mh tells nu that this user should be set up mail as a MH format. This option should normally be N except for expert UNIX users who are already familiar with MH
domain
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 domain overrides the NetInfoDomain specified in the nu.cf file
\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 currentuid is the current uid, it will be replaced by the uid specified later in the line
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Deletes from the system almost all information pertaining to these login id's (expert mode)
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Deletes accounts while still leaving a users entry in netinfo for the deleted account (expert mode)
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 This command changes (or installs) a password, login shell (-s option), or GECOS information field (-f option) associated with the user name (your own name by default). When altering a password, the program prompts for the current password and then for the new one. The caller must supply both. The new password must be typed twice to forestall mistakes. New passwords must be at least four characters long if they use a sufficiently rich alphabet and at least six characters long if monocase. These rules are relaxed if you are insistent enough. Only the owner of the name or the super-user may change a password; the owner must prove he knows the old password. Use yppasswd to change your password in the network yellow pages. This will not affect your local password, or your password on any remote machines on which you have accounts. When altering a login shell, passwd displays the current login shell and then prompts for the new one. The new login shell must be one of the approved shells listed in /etc/shells unless you are the super-user. If /etc/shells does not exist, the only shells that may be specified are /bin/sh and /bin/csh. The super-user may change anyone's login shell; normal users may only change their own login shell. When altering the GECOS information field, passwd displays the current information, broken into fields, as interpreted by the finger(1) program, among others, and prompts for new values. These fields include a user's ``real life'' name, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number. Included in each prompt is a default value, which is enclosed between brackets. The default value is accepted simply by typing a carriage return. To enter a blank field, the word ``none'' may be typed. Below is a sample run: Name [Biff Studsworth II]: Room number (Exs: 597E or 197C) []: 521E Office Phone (Ex: 1632) []: 1863 Home Phone (Ex: 987532) [5771546]: none Passwd allows phone numbers to be entered with or without hyphens. It is a good idea to run finger after changing the GECOS information to make sure everything is setup properly. The super-user may change anyone's GECOS information; normal users may only change their own.
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Command changes (or installs) GECOS information field
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The user name to change the password for
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The
\b rusers
\b0 command produces output similar to users(1) and who(1), but for remote machines. It broadcasts on the local network, and prints the responses it receives. Normally, the listing is in the order that responses are received, but this order can be changed by specifying one of the options listed below. When host arguments are given, rather than broadcasting rusers will only query the list of specified hosts. The default is to print out a listing in the style of users(1) with one line per machine. When the -l flag is given, a rwho(1) style listing is used. In addition, if a user hasn't typed to the system for a minute or more, the idle time is reported. A remote host will only respond if it is running the rusersd daemon, which is normally started up from inetd.
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Gives a report for a machine even if no users are logged on
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Sort alphabetically by host name
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Sort by idle time
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Give a longer listing in the style of who(1)
sort by number of users.
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\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The remote machine(s) to find out more information about
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The
\b rwho
\b0 command produces output similar to who, but for all machines on the local network. If no report has been received from a machine for 5 minutes then rwho assumes the machine is down, and does not report users last known to be logged into that machine. If a users hasn't typed to the system for a minute or more, then rwho reports this idle time. If a user hasn't typed to the system for an hour or more, then the user will be omitted from the output of rwho unless the -a flag is given.
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Doesn't omit user from the output of rwho, even if he or she hasn't typed to the system for an hour or more
\b0 is the server which maintains the database used by the rwho(1C) and ruptime(1C) programs. Its operation is predicated on the ability to broadcast messages on a network.\
\b rwhod
\b0 operates as both a producer and consumer of status information. As a producer of information it periodically queries the state of the system and constructs status messages which are broadcast on a network. As a consumer of information, it listens for other rwhod servers' status messages, validating them, then recording them in a collection of files located in the directory /usr/spool/rwho.\
The server transmits and receives messages at the port indicated in the ``rwho'' service specification; see services(5). The messages sent and received, are of the form:\
struct outmp \{ char out_line[8];/* tty name */ char out_name[8];/* user id */ long out_time;/* time on */ \};\
struct whod \{ char wd_vers; char wd_type; char wd_fill[2]; int wd_sendtime; int wd_recvtime; char wd_hostname[32]; int wd_loadav[3]; int wd_boottime; struct whoent \{ structoutmp we_utmp; int we_idle; \} wd_we[1024 / sizeof (struct whoent)]; \};\
All fields are converted to network byte order prior to transmission. The load averages are as calculated by the w(1) program, and represent load averages over the 5, 10, and 15 minute intervals prior to a server's transmission; they are multiplied by 100 for representation in an integer. The host name included is that returned by the gethostname(2) system call, with any trailing domain name omitted. The array at the end of the message contains information about the users logged in to the sending machine. This information includes the contents of the utmp(5) entry for each non-idle terminal line and a value indicating the time in seconds since a character was last received on the terminal line.\
Messages received by the rwho server are discarded unless they originated at an rwho server's port. In addition, if the host's name, as specified in the message, contains any unprintable ASCII characters, the message is discarded. Valid messages received by rwhod are placed in files named whod.hostname in the directory /usr/spool/rwho. These files contain only the most recent message, in the format described above.\
Status messages are generated approximately once every 3 minutes.
\b rwhod
\b0 performs an nlist(3) on /mach every 30 minutes to guard against the possibility that this file is not the system image currently operating.
\b0 runs in the background and periodically displays system status information on the status line of the terminal. Not all terminals contain a status line. Those that do include the h19, concept 108, Ann Arbor Ambassador, VT100, Televideo 925/950 and Freedom 100. (Note that sysline cannot be run in a Terminal window or Workspace Manager shell window.) If no flags are given, sysline displays the time of day, the current load average, the change in load average in the last 5 minutes, the number of users (followed by a `u'), the number of runnable process (followed by a `r'), the number of suspended processes (followed by a `s'), and the users who have logged on and off since the last status report. Finally, if new mail has arrived, a summary of it is printed. If there is unread mail in your mailbox, an asterisk will appear after the display of the number of users. The display is normally in reverse video (if your terminal supports this in the status line) and is right justified to reduce distraction. Every fifth display is done in normal video to give the screen a chance to rest.\
If you have a file named .who in your home directory, then the contents of that file is printed first. One common use of this feature is to alias chdir, pushd, and popd to place the current directory stack in ~/.who after it changes the new directory.
[17@]
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Beep once every half hour and twice every hour, just like those obnoxious watches you keep hearing
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Clear the status line for 5 seconds before each redisplay
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Debug mode -print status line data in human readable format
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Print out the current day/date before the time
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Print out only the information. Do not print out the control commands necessary to put the information on the bottom line. This option is useful for putting the output of sysline onto the mode line of an emacs window
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Window mode -print the status on the current line of the terminal, suitable for use inside a one line window
o{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Print the load average on the remote host remote. If the host is down, or is not sending out rwhod packets, then the down time is printed instead. If the prefix "ucb" is present, then it is removed
remote
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\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\ql\fs24\fi0\li0\gray0\fc0\cf0\up0\dn0 The host to print the load average on
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Print out the host machine's name after the time
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Don't print the names of people who log in and out
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Don't check for mail
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Don't report the number of process which are runnable and suspended
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Don't display in reverse video.
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Update the status line every N seconds. The default is 60 seconds
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\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The number of seconds
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Don't print out diagnostic messages if something goes wrong when starting up
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Print out the process id of the sysline process onto standard output upon startup. With this information you can send the alarm signal to the sysline process to cause it to update immediately. sysline writes to the standard error, so you can redirect the standard output into a file to catch the process id
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\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Print "short" form of line by left-justifying iff escapes are not allowed in the status line. Some terminals (the Televideos and Freedom 100 for example) do not allow cursor movement (or other "intelligent" operations) in the status line. For these terminals, sysline normally uses blanks to cause right-justification. This flag will disable the adding of the blanks
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\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx1140\tx2300\tx3440\tx4600\tx5760\tx6900\tx8060\tx9200\tx10360\tx11520\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 Force the sysline output to be left justified even on terminals capable of cursor movement on the status line
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 w
\b0 prints a summary of the current activity on the system, including what each user is doing. The heading line shows the current time of day, how long the system has been up, the number of users logged into the system, and the load averages. The load average numbers give the number of jobs in the run queue averaged over 1, 5 and 15 minutes. The fields output are: the users login name, the name of the tty the user is on, the time of day the user logged on, the number of minutes since the user last typed anything, the CPU time used by all processes and their children on that terminal, the CPU time used by the currently active processes, the name and arguments of the current process.
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 who
\b0 , without an argument, lists the login name, terminal name, and login time for each current UNIX user. Without an argument, who examines the /etc/utmp file to obtain its information. If a file is given, that file is examined. Typically the given file will be /usr/adm/wtmp, which contains a record of all the logins since it was created. Then who lists logins, logouts, and crashes since the creation of the wtmp file. Each login is listed with user name, terminal name (with `/dev/' suppressed), and date and time. When an argument is given, logouts produce a similar line without a user name. Reboots produce a line with `x' in the place of the device name, and a fossil time indicative of when the system went down. With two arguments, as in `who am I' (and also `who are you'), who tells who you are logged in as.
who-file
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The file examined for who information
am-I-arg
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx520\tx1060\tx1600\tx2120\tx2660\tx3200\tx3720\tx4260\tx4800\tx5320\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 By entering "am I" in this argument, you can find out who you are.
\b0 produces a helpful message similar to the following: Please enter a name or a handle (``ident"), such as ``Smith" or ``SRI-NIC". Starting with a period forces a name-only search; starting with exclamation point forces handle-only. Examples: Smith [looks for name or handle SMITH ] !SRI-NIC [looks for handle SRI-NIC only ] .Smith, John [looks for name JOHN SMITH only ] Adding ``..." to the argument will match anything from that point, e.g. ``ZU..." will match ZUL, ZUM, etc. To have the ENTIRE membership list of a group or organization, if you are asking about a group or org, shown with the record, use an asterisk character `*' directly preceding the given argument. [CAUTION: If there are a lot of members this will take a long time!] You may of course use exclamation point and asterisk, or a period and asterisk together.
{\rtf0\ansi{\fonttbl\f0\fmodern Courier;}
\margl40
\margr40
\pard\tx533\tx1067\tx1601\tx2135\tx2668\tx3202\tx3736\tx4270\tx4803\tx5337\f0\b0\i0\ulnone\fs24\fc0\cf0 The Internet name to look for
(.txt)